Supercapacitors occupy a significant position in the field of energy storage due to their characteristics of higher energy density compared to traditional capacitors

as well as superior power density and cycle life relative to lithium-ion batteries. Temperature

being one of the primary factors influencing supercapacitor performance

necessitates efficient thermal management systems (TMS) to maintain their optimal operating temperature range. This review first describes the energy storage mechanisms and heat generation characteristics of three types of supercapacitors

along with a comparative evaluation of different thermal models. Subsequently

it systematically reviews the current research progress in thermal management technologies

including air cooling

liquid cooling

heat pipe cooling

and phase change material (PCM) cooling. The advantages and limitations of each technology are critically discussed. Concurrently

it outlines the application status of typical thermal management approaches in domestic and international engineering practice. Finally

the challenges and future research trends for supercapacitor thermal management technology are summarized and prospected.