Open-circuit Fault Localization Method of MMC Submodules Based on Voltage Similarity Analysis and Euclidean Distance

XU Qidong; WU Sijie; ZHOU Tenglong; LIN Zefeng; WEN Chuangping

doi:10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2025.05.012

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Open-circuit Fault Localization Method of MMC Submodules Based on Voltage Similarity Analysis and Euclidean Distance

Research on System Application | 更新时间：2025-10-30

- Open-circuit Fault Localization Method of MMC Submodules Based on Voltage Similarity Analysis and Euclidean Distance
- Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation Vol. 46, Issue 5, Pages: 107-113(2025)
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- DOI：10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2025.05.012
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- Received：24 June 2025，
  
  Published：25 October 2025
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XU Qidong, WU Sijie, ZHOU Tenglong, et al. Open-circuit Fault Localization Method of MMC Submodules Based on Voltage Similarity Analysis and Euclidean Distance[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2025, 46(5): 107-113.
DOI：

XU Qidong, WU Sijie, ZHOU Tenglong, et al. Open-circuit Fault Localization Method of MMC Submodules Based on Voltage Similarity Analysis and Euclidean Distance[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2025, 46(5): 107-113. DOI： 10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2025.05.012.

摘要

模块化多电平换流器（MMC）子模块开路故障的快速定位是提升系统可靠性的关键。针对开路故障子模块的电容电压偏离正常值这一特性，本文提出了一种基于电压相似性及欧式距离的MMC子模块开路故障快速定位方法。首先采用卡尔曼滤波算法估计子模块电压，大大地减少了电压传感器数量；然后分析子模块开路故障特性，利用欧式距离计算同一桥臂的子模块电容电压估计值两两之间的电气距离，通过判别距离的大小进行了子模块开路故障的快速检测和定位，提高了系统可靠性并节约了成本开销。最后，通过PSCAD/EMTDC仿真验证了所提方法的正确性和高效性。

Abstract

The rapid location of open-circuit faults in sub-modules of modular multilevel converter（MMC） is a key to enhance reliability of system. In response to the characteristic that the capacitive volatge of the open circuit sub-modules deviates from the normal value，a fast fault localization method for MMC submodules based on voltage similarity and Euclidean distance is proposed in this paper. Firstly，the Kalman filtering algorithm is adopted to estimate the sub-module voltage，which greatly reduces the number of voltage sensors. Then，the characteristics of open-circuit faults in the sub-modules are analyzed，and the electrical distance between the estimated capacitive voltages of the sub-modules in the same arm is calculated by using the Euclidean distance. The rapid detection and location of the open-circuit fault in sub-modules are carried out by discriminating the size of the distance，which not only improves the system reliability，but also saves cost and expenses. Finally，the correctness and efficiency of the proposed method are verified by PSCAD/EMTDCsimulation.

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