Online Estimation Method for MMC Sub-module Capacitance Using Dual Kalman Filtering

XU Qidong; WU Sijie; ZHOU Tenglong; WEN Chuangping; ZHANG Fan; LIN Zefeng

doi:10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.01.012

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Online Estimation Method for MMC Sub-module Capacitance Using Dual Kalman Filtering

POWER CAPACITOR & REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION | Research on System Application

Online Estimation Method for MMC Sub-module Capacitance Using Dual Kalman Filtering
采用双重卡尔曼滤波的MMC子模块电容值在线估计方法
State Grid Fujian Electric Power Company Quanzhou Power Supply Company, Fujian Quanzhou 362000, China
Hunan Vocational College of Science and Technology, Changsha 410000, China
Vol. 47, Issue 1, Pages: 94-100(2026)
DOI：10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.01.012
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XU Qidong, WU Sijie, ZHOU Tenglong, et al. Online Estimation Method for MMC Sub-module Capacitance Using Dual Kalman Filtering[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026, 47(1): 94-100.
DOI：

XU Qidong, WU Sijie, ZHOU Tenglong, et al. Online Estimation Method for MMC Sub-module Capacitance Using Dual Kalman Filtering[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026, 47(1): 94-100. DOI： 10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.01.012.

摘要

模块化多电平换流器（modular multilevel converter，MMC）子模块电容器是柔性直流输电系统的关键设备，其安全稳定运行是提升系统可靠性的关键。本文提出了一种采用双重卡尔曼滤波的MMC子模块电容器值在线估计方法，该方法减少了传感器的数目。首先，通过桥臂电压传感器和电流传感器获取桥臂电压和电流；然后，再次利用卡尔曼滤波算法和桥臂电流建立用于估计每个子模块电容的数学模型；最后，在PSCAD/EMTDC中建立仿真模型进行验证，电容值估计误差均在0.5%以内。

Abstract

The sub-module capacitor of the modular multilevel converter（MMC）is a critical equipment of VSC-HVDCtransmission systems，and its safe and stable operation is key to enhancing system reliability. In this paper an online estimation method for the sub-module capacitance of MMC using dual Kalman filtering is proposed，which reduces the number of sensors. First，the arm voltage and current are obtained through the arm voltage sensor and current sensor. Then，the Kalman filtering algorithm and arm current are used again to set up a mathematical model for estimating the capacitance of each sub-module. Finally，a simulation model is set up in PSCAD/EMTDC for verification，and the estimation error of the capacitance is within 0.5%.

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references

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