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Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710054, China
National Key Laboratory of Efficient and Flexible Coal-fired Power Generation and Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage, Beijing 102209, China
School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
National Energy Investment Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China
Jiangxi Electric Power Co., Ltd. of National Energy Group, Nanchang 330029, China
School of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China,
Northwest Branch, State Grid Corporation of China, Xi'an 710048, China
School of Future Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd., Hebei Xiong'an 071000, China
Datang Shaanxi Power Generation Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710065, China
Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Guoneng Shenhua Jiujiang Power Generation Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Jiujiang 332000, China
Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu 610213, China
Received：04 March 2026，
Revised：2026-03-11，
Published：25 April 2026
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YANG Peihao, ZHAO Junjie, WU Changbing, et al. Integrated Technologies and Application Prospects of Supercapacitor Energy Storage Systems in Thermal Power Frequency Regulation and Grid Support[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026, 47(2): 1-19.
YANG Peihao, ZHAO Junjie, WU Changbing, et al. Integrated Technologies and Application Prospects of Supercapacitor Energy Storage Systems in Thermal Power Frequency Regulation and Grid Support[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026, 47(2): 1-19. DOI： 10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.02.001.
随着新能源接入比例上升和电力电子设备普及，电网的转动惯量下降，频率难以稳定，调节资源不够等问题涌现。面对高频大幅功率波动时响应无法及时跟随，影响设备寿命，现有的系统已经无法应付新型电网的灵活调节需求。超级电容与高功率锂离子电池这类功率型储能技术，有着响应速度在毫秒级，功率密度高，循环寿命长等特点，成为解决上述瓶颈的关键。本文从超级电容的储能原理讲述展开，再分析关键材料如何影响器件的倍率特性和循环寿命，然后介绍兆瓦级储能的系统集成方案、火电与储能协同的功率分配策略，以及构网型控制技术，最后讨论基于物理模型和数据驱动的寿命评估方法。希望这项技术的应用能在保障电网安全方面提供一些理论参考。
With the increasing proportion of new energy sources and the widespread use of power electronic equipment，such issues as decrease of rotational inertia of the power grid，unstable frequency and insufficient regulation resources have occurred. In view of the issues that in frequent and significant power fluctuations，the response cannot keep up in time，which affects the lifespan of the equipment. The existing system has no way to deal with the flexible regulation requirements of the new type of power grid.Power storage technologies such as supercapacitors and high-power lithium-ion batteries possess such advantages as millisecond-level response speeds，high power density，long cycle life，and have become key to overcoming these bottlenecks. In this paper，starting from the explanation of the energy storage principle of supercapacitors，how key materials affect the rate capability and cycle life of the devices is analyzed.Then， megawatt-level energy storage system integration schemes，power allocation strategies for the synergy of thermal power and energy storage as well as grid-based control technologies are introduced. Finally，the life assessment methods based on physical models and data-driven approaches are discussed. It is hoped that this paper can provide some reference for applying this technology to ensure power grid security.
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