Research on Primary Frequency Regulation of Photovoltaic-storage System Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator

FENG Hao; WANG Bo; GE Shujun; LI Chongsheng; YANG Yongjun; YAN Wei; ZHANG Huiqiang; ZHAO Xianjin; DU Jingang; GAO Ze; LUAN Congchao; WANG Dapeng; FENG Xuejun

doi:10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.02.003

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Research on Primary Frequency Regulation of Photovoltaic-storage System Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator

POWER CAPACITOR & REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION | Development of New Energy Storage Technologies Such as Supercapacitors and Their Applications in the New Power System

Research on Primary Frequency Regulation of Photovoltaic-storage System Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator
基于VSG的光储系统参与一次调频研究
Huaneng Jining Yunhe Power Generation Co., Ltd., Shandong Jining 272000, China
Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710000, China
Shandong Hexin Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250101, China
North China United Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010020, China
Vol. 47, Issue 2, Pages: 30-36(2026)
DOI：10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.02.003
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FENG Hao, WANG Bo, GE Shujun, et al. Research on Primary Frequency Regulation of Photovoltaic-storage System Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026, 47(2): 30-36.
DOI：

FENG Hao, WANG Bo, GE Shujun, et al. Research on Primary Frequency Regulation of Photovoltaic-storage System Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026, 47(2): 30-36. DOI： 10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.02.003.

摘要

针对高比例新能源并网导致系统惯量下降、阻尼不足，进而削弱电网频率稳定性的关键问题，本文提出一种改进型虚拟同步发电机（virtual synchronous generator，VSG）控制策略以提升光储系统的调频能力。首先，构建了包含下垂控制、电压电流双闭环及储能协调的完整VSG模型；然后，在Matlab/Simulink中搭建光储联合发电系统仿真平台，模拟电网频率阶跃扰动与光照强度突变等典型工况；最后，通过对比分析系统动态响应，验证所提策略的有效性。仿真结果表明，当电网频率在2s内骤降0.1Hz时，所提策略能有效调动储能单元，在4 s内快速提供约10 kW的额外有功功率支撑，成功实现了对150 kW功率指令的精确跟踪，同时将直流母线电压波动严格控制在设定值（2 000 V）附近。研究表明，该改进型VSG控制策略显著增强了光储系统的一次调频响应速度与动态稳定性，为高渗透率可再生能源电网的安全稳定运行提供了有效的技术支撑。

Abstract

As for such critical issues as reduced system inertia and insufficient damping caused by the highpenetration renewable integration，which subsequently weakens grid frequency stability，an improved virtual synchronous generator （virtual synchronous generator，VSG） control strategy is propsoed to enhance the frequency regulation capability of photovoltaic-energy storage （PV-ES） systems. First，a complete VSG model incorporating droop control，dual-closed-loop for voltage and current closed-loop regulation as well as energy storage coordination is constructed. Then，a simulation platform for the PV-ES system combined with power generation system is set up inMATLAB/Simulink to emulate such typical operating conditions as grid frequency step disturbances and sudden irradiance fluctuations. Finally，the effectiveness of the propsoed strategy is verified by comparing and analyzing dynamic responses of system.The simulation results show that when the grid frequency drops abruptly by 0.1Hz within 2 seconds，the proposed strategy can effectively dispatche the energy storage unit to deliver approximately 10kW of additional active power within 4 seconds，achieving successfully precise tracking of a 150 kW power reference while maintaining the DC-link voltage fluctuation around the setting value（2 000 V）. This research demonstrates that the enhanced VSG control strategy significantly improves the primary frequency response speed and dynamic stability of PV-ES systems，offering an effective a technical support for safe and stable operation of power grids with high renewable penetration.

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references

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