浏览全部资源
扫码关注微信
Xilingol Power Supply Branch of Inner Mongolia Electric Power (Group) Co., Ltd., Inner Mongolia Xilinguole 026099, China
Received：15 December 2025，
Revised：2025-12-26，
Published：25 April 2026
移动端阅览
ZHENG Yuzhou, DU Jinlong, WU Yongqiang, et al. Prediction of DC-bias Temperature Rise in Transformer and Insulation Life Assessment Based on an Improved Thermal Circuit Model and PINN[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026, 47(2): 107-117.
ZHENG Yuzhou, DU Jinlong, WU Yongqiang, et al. Prediction of DC-bias Temperature Rise in Transformer and Insulation Life Assessment Based on an Improved Thermal Circuit Model and PINN[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026, 47(2): 107-117. DOI： 10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.02.012.
变压器直流偏磁导致铁心半波饱和与谐波等效应，造成变压器铁心、绕组及金属构件损耗增大及温升异常，折损变压器绝缘寿命，对直流偏磁造成绕组热点温升的准确评估能够为电力部门有效评估变压器绝缘寿命提供重要参考，然而实际工程中往往存在难以获得准确的变压器内部电气特性参数的问题。为此，提出一种基于改进热路模型和内嵌物理信息神经网络（physics-informed neural network，PINN）的变压器直流偏磁温升预测方法，首先，分析变压器直流偏磁温升机理，在此基础上构建考虑直流偏磁热量增生效应的改进热路模型；其次，为了解决直流偏磁影响下传热系数未知以及受温升影响存在的不确定问题，先利用物理信息神经网络反演方法对改进热路模型参数进行估计，再利用PINN对热路模型求解进而对变压器直流偏磁绕组温升进行预测，最后，利用实测数据对所提模型进行了验证。结果表明，采用本文方法所预测的变压器直流偏磁温升误差不超过15%。基于该模型，对流偏磁影响下的绝缘寿命进行了评估，结果显示变压器偏磁直流水平超过50A会对其变压器热寿命造成的损耗不容忽视，采用变压器隔值措施能够有效避免变压器温升异常及其带来的热寿命损失。本文所提出的基于PINN的温升计算模型在变压器直流偏磁温升实时监测、负载能力评估等方面提供了一种有效方法。
DC-bias of transformer leads to such effects as half wave saturation and harmonis of iron core， resulting in increased loss and abnormal temperature rise of iron core，winding and metal components of transformer and damage of insulation life of transformer. The accurate assessment of temperature rise of winding hot spot due to DC-bias can provide important reference for effective assessment of insulation life of transformer for power sector. However，it is often difficult to obtain accurate internal electrical characteristic parameters of transformer in practical engineering. For this reason，a prediction method of transformer DC-bias temperature rise based on improved thermal circuit model and embedded physical information neural network （PINN）is proposed. Firstly，the transformer DC-bias temperature rise mechanism is analyzed and，on this basis，an improved thermal circuit model considering DC-bias heat accretion effect is constructed. Then，in order to solve the problem that the heat transfer coefficient under the influence of DC-bias is unknown and the temperature rise is uncertain，the parameters of the improved thermal circuit model are estimated by using the inversion method of physical information neural network（PINN），and then the thermal circuit model is solved by using pinn to predict the temperature rise of the DC-bias winding of the transformer. Finally，the proposed model is verified by using the measured data. The results show that the error of the predicted DC-bias temperature rise of the transformer is less than 15% by using the method proposed in this paper. Based on this model，the insulation life under the influence of convective magnetic bias is assessed. The results show that the loss of thermal life caused by transformer bias DC-level exceeding 50A cannot be ignored，and the abnormal temperature rise of transformer and the loss of thermal life can be effectively avoided by using transformer isolation measures. The proposed temperature rise calculation model based on PINN has provided an effective method for real-time monitoring of transformer DC-bias temperature rise and load capacity assessment.
韩雪峰，刘磊，杨定乾，等.串联助磁直流电阻测试接线下换流变铁心磁通分析[J].变压器，2025，62（3）：1-4.
HAN Xuefeng，LIU Lei，YANG Dingqian，et al. Magnetic flux analysis of iron core in converter transformer which under serial magnetization DC resistance test[J]. Transformer， 2025，62（3）：1-12.
王新兵，刘冬迪，燕蕾，等.天然酯油纸绝缘混油特性试验分析研究[J].变压器，2025，62（8）：45-50.
WANG Xinbing，LIU Dongdi，YAN Lei，et al. Experimental analysis of oil mixing characteristics of natural ester oil paper insulation[J]. Transformer，2025，62（8）：45-50.
王泽忠，李明洋，宣梦真，等.单相四柱式变压器直流偏磁下的温升试验及仿真分析[J].电工技术学报，2021， 36（5）：1006-1013.
WANG Zezhong，LI Mingyang，XUAN Mengzhen，et al. Temperature rise test and simulation of single-phase fourcolumn transformer under DC-Bias[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society，2021，36（5）：1006-1013.
MCNUTT W J，MCIVER J C，LEIBINGER G E，et al. Direct measurement of transformer winding hot spot temperature[J]. IEEE Power Engineering Review，1984，4（6）：26-27.
梁书原，王泽忠，李宇妍.直流偏磁对特高压交流变压器漏电感影响的分析[J].变压器，2024，61（10）：26-34.
LIANG Shuyuan，WANG Zezhong，LI Yuyan. Influence of DC bias on leakage inductance of UHV transformer[J]. Transformer，2024，61（10）：26-34.
NORTON E T，WICKERSHEIM K A，SUN Meih. Improved fiberoptic temperature measurement system for monitoring winding temperatures in medium and large transformers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery，1987，2（3）：831-835.
李飞，江航龙.矿用隔爆型干式变压器温升的计算流体动力学仿真分析[J].变压器，2024，61（6）：12-15.
LI Fei，JIANG Hanglong. Computational fluid dynamics simulation analysis of temperature rise of mine explosionproof dry type transformer [J]. Transformer，2024，61（6）：12-15.
MARTI L. Afshin rezaei-zare and arun narang. simulation of transformer hotspot heating due to geomagnetically induced currents[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery， 2013，28（1）：320-327.
朱文兵，张述铭，张欢.考虑负载电流影响的500kV变压器直流偏磁涡流损耗及温升效应研究[J].电工技术， 2019（15）：4-7.
ZHU Wenbing，ZHANG Shuming，ZHANG Huan. Study on DC bias eddy current loss and temperature rise effect of 500kV transformer considering load current influence[J]. Electric Engineering，2019（15）：4-7.
闵英杰，吴广宁，周利军，等.变压器热点温度和等值老化热特征参数的研究[J].高压电器，2012，48（2）：50-54.
MIN Yingjie，WU Guangning，ZHOU Lijun，et al. Influences of thermal characteristic parameters on power transformer's hot-spot temperature and equivalent aging[J]. High Voltage Apparatus，2012，48（2）：50-54.
陈彬，梁旭，万妮娜，等.中频变压器瞬态电磁场-温度场耦合求解分析[J].高电压技术，2020，46（12）：4400-4409.
CHEN Bin，LIANG Xu，WAN Nina，et al. Coupled transient electromagnetic-thermal fields analysis of mediumfrequency transformer[J].High Voltage Engineering，2020， 46（12）：4400-4409.
律方成，马伦，王柳，等.基于DGM的油浸式变压器热点温度计算[J].高压电器，2015，51（3）：28-34.
LYU Fangcheng，MA Lun，WANG Liu，et al. Calculation of hot spot temperature of oil-immersed transformers based onDGM [J]. High Voltage Apparatus，2015，51（3）：28-34
全妤，阮江军，龚若涵，等.基于流线和SVR的变压器热点温度反演方法[J].电工电能新技术，2018，37（11）：23-31.
QUAN Yu，RUAN Jiangjun，GONG Ruohan，et al. Transformer hot-spot temperature inversion method based on streamline and support vector regression[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy，2018， 37（11）：23-31.
廖才波，阮江军，蔚超，等.基于改进支持向量机的变压器实时热点温度预测方法研究[J].高压电器，2018， 54（12）：174-179.
LIAO Caibo，RUAN Jiangjun，WEI Chao，et al. Research on real-time hot-spot temperature prediction method for transformer based on improved support vector machine[J].High Voltage Apparatus，2018，54（12）：174-179.
陈伟根，奚红娟，苏小平，等.广义回归神经网络在变压器绕组热点温度预测中的应用[J].高电压技术，2012， 38（1）：16-21.
CHEN Weigen，XI Hongjuan，SU Xiaoping，et al. Application of generalized regression neural network to transformer winding hot spot temperature forecasting[J]. High Voltage Engineering，2012，38（1）：16-21.
张文新.基于神经网络算法的电力变压器温升推进预测[D].福州：福建工程学院，2019.
倪子瞻，盛戈皞，张立静，等.基于多物理场仿真和神经网络算法相结合的油浸式变压器热点温度动态反演方法[J].高电压技术，2023，49（6）：2466-2477.
NI Zizhan，SHENG Gehao，ZHANG Lijing，et al. Dynamic inversion method of hot spot temperature of oil-immersed transformer based on combination of multiphysics simulation and neural network algorithm[J]. High Voltage Engineering，2023，49（6）：2466-2477.
骆小满，阮江军，邓永清，等.基于多物理场计算和模糊神经网络算法的变压器热点温度反演[J].高电压技术， 2020，46（3）：860-866.
LUO Xiaoman，RUAN Jiangjun，DENG Yongqing，et al. Transformer hot-spot temperature inversion based on multiphysics calculation and fuzzy neural network algorithm[J]. High Voltage Engineering，2020，46（3）：860-866.
Power transformers—Part 7：Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers：IEC 60076—7[S]. 2005.
SUSA D，LEHTONEN M，NORDMAN H. Dynamic thermal modelling of power transformers[C]//IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting，2004. [S.l.]：IEEE，2004：1421.
SUSA D，LEHTONEN M. Dynamic thermal modeling of power transformers：further development-partI[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery，2006，21（4）：1961-1970.
KONG Lingming，MO Wenxiong，LUO Simin. The modified thermal circuit model for three-phase unbalanced operation of distribution transformers[C]//2020 IEEE4th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration （EI2）. [S. l. ]：IEEE，2020：3868-3872.
CAI Shengze，MAO Zhiping，WANG Zhicheng，et al. Physics-informed neural networks（PINNs）for fluid mechanics：a review[J]. Acta Mechanica Sinica，2021，37（12）：1727-1738.
翟常冬，刘贺，柴孟东，等.大容量高阻抗自耦变压器绕组热点温升的计算与验证[J].变压器，2024，61（11）：29-35.
ZHAI Changdong，LIU He，CHAI Mengdong，et al. Calculation and verification of hot spot temperature rise in large capacity and high impedance autotransformer winding[J]. Transformer，2024，61（11）：29-35.
MISYRIS G S，VENZKE A，CHATZIVASILEIADIS S. Physics-informed neural networks for power systems[C]//2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting （PESGM）. [S. l. ]：IEEE，2020：1-5.
李飞，江航龙.采用强迫风冷的风力发电用机舱干式变压器流体动力学温升仿真计算[J].变压器，2024，61（12）：16-21.
LI Fei，JIANG Hanglong. Simulation calculation of fluid dynamics temperature rise of dry-type transformer in the nacelle of wind power generation with forced air cooling [J]. Transformer，2024，61（12）：16-21.
MAO Zhiping，JAGTAP A D，KARNIADAKIS G E. Physics-informed neural networks for high-speed flows[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering， 2020，360：112789.
CAI S，WANG Z，WANG S，et al. Physics-informed neural networks for heat transfer problems[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer，2021，143（6）：060801.
黄锦，廉彦超.一种新型电力变压器温升试验方法[J].变压器2024，61（11）：44-50.
HUANG Jin，LIAN Yanchao. New temperature rise test method for power transformer [J]. Transformer，2024，61 （11）：44-50.
EIVAZI H，TAHANI M，SCHLATTER P，et al. Physicsinformed neural networks for solving rey-nolds-averaged navier-stokes equations[J]. Physics of Fluids，2022，34（7）：075117.
张橙，李雪，叶茂，等.物理信息神经网络在两相流中的应用[J].化工学报，2024，75（11）：3835-3856.
ZHANG Cheng，LI Xue，YE Mao，et al. Application of physics-informed neural network in two-phase flow[J]. CIESC Journal，2024，75（11）：3835-3856.
李琼林，陈栋新，余晓鹏，等.电力变压器谐波损耗仿真计算与实验研究[C]//第七届电能质量研讨会. 2014.
冯政松，赵莉华，周卫华，等.谐波电流下干式变压器温升及带负载能力的研究[J].电力系统及其自动化， 2017，29（2）：69-75.
FENG Zhengsong，ZHAO Lihua，ZHOU Weihua，et al. Study on temperature rise and load capacity of dry type transformers under harmonic current[J].Power Systems and Automation，2017，29（2）：69-75.
普子恒，冯子灏，王耀强，等.雷电冲击下变压器绕组电压分布求解模型算法优化设计[J].电瓷避雷器，2024（2）：80-89.
PU Ziheng，FENG Zihao，WANG Yaoqiang，et al. Optimization design of transformer winding voltage distribution solving model algorithm under lightning impulse[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters，2024（2）：81-89.
党艳阳，张欣宜，马嫱，等.直流偏磁条件下变压器励磁电流及铁心损耗计算[J].变压器，2019，56（10）：1-6.
DANG Yanyang，ZHANG Xinyi，MA Qiang，et al. Calculation of excitation current and core loss of transformer under DC bias[J]. Transformer，2019，56（10）：1-6.
宋彦君，李英，詹诗语，等.高速动车组牵引变压器绝缘老化特性研究[J].电瓷避雷器，2025（3）：103-111.
SONG Yanjun，LI Ying，ZHAN Shiyu，et al. Aging insulation performance of traction transformer for high-speed emu[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters，2025（3）：103-111.
张贤，胡春，崔永赫，等.基于低阶导数物理信息神经网络的流动和传热反演问题研究[J].空气动力学学报， 2025，43（1）：34-43.
ZHANG Xian，HU Chun，CUI Yonghe，et al. Study on inverse problems of flow and heat transfer using low-order de rivative physics-informed neural network[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica，2025，43（1）：34-43.
李国友，施勇，邹德旭，等.换流变压器网侧套管典型电连接结构振动失效特性试验及分析[J].电瓷避雷器， 2025（1）：133-142.
LI Guoyou，SHI Yong，ZOU Dexu，et al. Vibration failure characteristics test of typical electric connection structure of converter transformer grid-side bushing[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters，2025（1）：133-142.
陈伟根，赵涛，江淘莎，等.改进的变压器绕组热点温度估算方法[J].高压电器，2009，45（1）：53-56.
CHEN Weigen，ZHAO Tao，JIANG Taosha，et al. Improved method for calculation of hot-spot temperature in power transformer[J]. High Voltage Apparatus，2009，45（1）：53-56.
王华云，安义，蔡木良，等. 10kV配电变压器雷击过电压仿真计算研究[J].电瓷避雷器，2016（5）：94-97.
WANG Huayun，AN Yi，CAI Muliang，et al. Simulation Research on the lightning striking overvoltage of 10kV distribution transformer[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters 2016（5）：94-97.
陈曦，钱之银，汲胜昌，等.基于热路模型的变压器内部温升计算方法研究[J].绝缘材料，2015，48（4）：61-65.
CHEN Xi，QIAN Zhiyin，JI Shengchang，et al. Study on calculation method for internal temperature rise of transformer based on thermal circuit model[J]. Insulating Materials，2015，48（4）：61-65.
LAHTINEN M，ELOVAARA J. GICoccurrences and CIC tests for 400KV system transformer[J]. IEEE Power Engineering Review，2002，22（3）：63-63.
0
Views
0
下载量
0
CSCD
0
CNKI被引量
Publicity Resources
Related Articles
Related Author
Related Institution
陕公网安备 61010402000197