基于分数阶控制的充电站优化控制方法

陈楷; 高丽萍; 闫珺; 张静雯; 刘卫民; 王淞; 李江

doi:10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2025.05.006

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基于分数阶控制的充电站优化控制方法

牵引供电系统与新型配电系统优化控制技术 | 更新时间：2025-10-30

- 基于分数阶控制的充电站优化控制方法
- Optimal Control Method for Charging Stations Based on Fractional-order Control
- 电力电容器与无功补偿 2025年46卷第5期页码：54-64
- 作者机构：
- 作者简介：
  
  陈楷（1980—），男，高级工程师，主要从事电网调度运行与研究工作。
  高丽萍（1976—），女，高级工程师，主要从事电网规划发展工作。
  闫珺（1976—），女，工程师，主要研究方向为电网调度自动化、电网运行方式。
  张静雯（1988—），女，工程师，主要从事电力系统及其自动化工作。
  刘卫民（1984—），男，高级工程师，主要从事电网规划、新能源规划、新型电力系统建设等方面的研究工作。
  王淞（1997—），女，博士研究生，主要研究方向为电力系统优化调度。E-mail：1599364432@qq.com。
  李江（1979—），男，教授，主要研究方向为大规模电网经济调度与主动控制、电力系统同步量测技术与应用等。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(51977030);河南省电力公司揭榜挂帅项目(5217A0240001)
- DOI：10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2025.05.006
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-09-26，
  
  纸质出版：2025-10-25
- 稿件说明：
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陈楷, 高丽萍, 闫珺, 等. 基于分数阶控制的充电站优化控制方法[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2025,46(5):54-64.

CHEN Kai, GAO Liping, YAN Jun, et al. Optimal Control Method for Charging Stations Based on Fractional-order Control[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2025, 46(5): 54-64.
陈楷, 高丽萍, 闫珺, 等. 基于分数阶控制的充电站优化控制方法[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2025,46(5):54-64. DOI： 10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2025.05.006.

CHEN Kai, GAO Liping, YAN Jun, et al. Optimal Control Method for Charging Stations Based on Fractional-order Control[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2025, 46(5): 54-64. DOI： 10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2025.05.006.

摘要

电动汽车作为一种变化频繁的高度不确定性负荷，其投切将对包含充电站在内的配电网系统产生影响。为提升系统稳定性，本文在考虑电池的分数阶特性前提下，提出了基于改进粒子群优化（MPSO）算法的电动汽车充电站分数阶控制策略以提高配电网系统的稳定性。首先，建立了电池的分数阶二阶RC等效模型，并引入了分数阶PID（FOPID）控制器，将FOPID控制器与电流电压双闭环控制相结合，建立了充电系统的分数阶阻抗模型；其次，以阻抗谱误差作为判据，采用改进的粒子群算法对FOPID控制器的参数进行寻优。最后通过仿真表明，整数阶模型下采用PID与FOPID控制方法相比，分数阶模型误差更小，具有更高的精确度，更加符合实际充电桩的运行情况；本文提出的分数阶控制方法优于传统方法，具有更好的动态性能以及对外部扰动的抑制能力。

Abstract

The switching operation of electric vehicle，as a highly uncertain load with frequent variations， will have an impact on the distribution network system，including charging stations. To enhance system stability，in this paper a fractional order control strategy for electric vehicle charging stations based on improved Modified particle swarm optimization（MPSO）algorithm，on the premise of considering the fractional order characteristics of batteries，is proposed so to improve the stability of distribution network system. First，a fractional order second-order RC equivalent model of the battery is set up，and a fractional orderPID（FOPID）controller is introduced. The FOPID controller is combined with current and voltage dual closed-loop control so to set up a fractional order impedance model of the charging station system. Then，impedance spectrum error is taken as the criterion，and an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize the parameters of the FOPID controller. Finally，it is shown through simulation that compared with PID and FOPID control methods under integer-order models，the fractionalorder model exhibits smaller errors，higher accuracy，and better compliance with the actual operational characteristics of charging piles. The fractional order control method proposed in this paper is superior to traditional methods，with better dynamic performance and strong ability to suppress external disturbances.

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references

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