不对称故障下海上风力发电机组并网稳定性研究

李文涛; 李荧晨

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不对称故障下海上风力发电机组并网稳定性研究

电力电容器与无功补偿 | 清洁能源领域应用技术

不对称故障下海上风力发电机组并网稳定性研究
Study on Grid-Connected Stability of Squirrel-Cage Induction Wind Farm under Asymmetric Faults and Its Influence on Reactive Power Compensation Equipment
江苏广恒新能源有限公司，江苏南通 226400
2026年
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李文涛, 李荧晨. 不对称故障下海上风力发电机组并网稳定性研究[J/OL]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2026.

Wentao Li, Yingchen Li. Study on Grid-Connected Stability of Squirrel-Cage Induction Wind Farm under Asymmetric Faults and Its Influence on Reactive Power Compensation Equipment[J/OL]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026.
李文涛, 李荧晨. 不对称故障下海上风力发电机组并网稳定性研究[J/OL]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2026. DOI：

Wentao Li, Yingchen Li. Study on Grid-Connected Stability of Squirrel-Cage Induction Wind Farm under Asymmetric Faults and Its Influence on Reactive Power Compensation Equipment[J/OL]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026. DOI：

摘要

针对海上风电场送出线路发生不对称故障（如单相接地、两相短路）时，风力发电机组并网点电压不平衡度骤升、无功功率波动加剧、可能导致并联电容器组等无功补偿设备过电压损坏的问题，本文以如东海上风电场SWT-4.0-146型鼠笼异步风力发电机为研究对象，研究了不对称故障下全功率变流器的并网稳定性机理。首先，建立鼠笼异步发电机及其全功率变流器在三相静止坐标系、两相静止坐标系及同步旋转坐标系下的数学模型，推导负序分量对直流母线电压及并网电流的影响规律；其次，基于对称分量法分析不对称故障期间正、负序分量的耦合关系，揭示有功/无功功率二倍频波动及其对直流母线电压稳定性的影响机理；然后，在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建包含风力发电机组、LCL滤波器、并网变压器及故障点的综合仿真模型，模拟A相电压跌落至0.2pU的单相接地故障工况；最后，对比分析负序电流抑制前后的系统响应。仿真结果表明：不对称故障发生时，并网A相电流由额定值1.2 kA骤升至2.8 kA，负序电流含量达11.15 A；采用正负序分离控制后，负序电流可降至0.46 A，降幅达95.9%，直流母线电压二倍频波动被抑制在设定值的1%以内。研究表明，所提正负序解耦控制策略能有效抑制负序电流和直流母线电压波动，显著提升不对称故障下风电并网系统的稳定性，同时降低并联电容器组在故障期间的过电压风险，为海上风电场无功补偿设备的配电保护装置及故障穿越策略优化提供了理论依据。

Abstract

To address the issues of a sharp increase in voltage imbalance at the grid connection point of wind turbines

intensified reactive power fluctuations

and potential overvoltage damage to reactive power compensation equipment such as shunt capacitor banks when asymmetric faults (e.g.

single-phase grounding

two-phase short circuit) occur on offshore wind farm transmission lines

this paper takes the SWT-4.0-146 squirrel-cage asynchronous wind turbine at Rudong Offshore Wind Farm as the research object and investigates the grid-connected stability mechanism of the full-power converter under asymmetric faults. First

mathematical models of the squirrel-cage asynchronous generator and its full-power converter in the three-phase stationary coordinate system

two-phase stationary coordinate system

and synchronously rotating coordinate system are established

and the influence laws of negative sequence components on DC bus voltage and grid-connected current are derived. Second

based on the symmetrical component method

the coupling relationship between positive and negative sequence components during asymmetric faults is analyzed

revealing the mechanism of double-frequency fluctuations in active/reactive power and their impact on DC bus voltage stability. Then

a comprehensive simulation model including the wind turbine

LCL filter

grid-connected transformer

and fault point is built in MATLAB/Simulink to simulate a single-phase grounding fault condition where phase A voltage drops to 0.2 pU. Finally

the system response before and after negative sequence current suppression is compared and analyzed. Simulation results show that when an asymmetric fault occurs

the grid-connected phase A current surges from the rated value of 1.2 kA to 2.8 kA

with a negative sequence current content of 11.15 A. After adopting positive-negative sequence decoupling control

the negative sequence current can be reduced to 0.46 A

a reduction of 95.9%

and the double-frequency fluctuation of the DC bus voltage is suppressed within 1% of the set value. The research demonstrates that the proposed positive-negative sequence decoupling control strategy can effectively suppress negative sequence current and DC bus voltage fluctuations

significantly enhance the stability of wind power grid-connected systems under asymmetric faults

and reduce the overvoltage risk of shunt capacitor banks during fault periods

providing a theoretical basis for the protection configuration and fault ride-through strategy optimization of reactive power compensation equipment in offshore wind farms.

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references

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