考虑暂态物理特性的真空断路器容性投切涌流研究

王一涵; 于力; 贾延超; 扬爽

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考虑暂态物理特性的真空断路器容性投切涌流研究

电力电容器与无功补偿 | 无功补偿与滤波

考虑暂态物理特性的真空断路器容性投切涌流研究
Study on capacitive switching inrush currents in vacuum circuit breakers considering their transient physical characteristics
1.沈阳工程学院辽宁　沈阳 110136
2.沈阳华德海泰电器有限公司辽宁　沈阳 110141
3.国网辽宁省电力有限公司辽宁　沈阳 110002
2026年
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王一涵, 于力, 贾延超, 等. 考虑暂态物理特性的真空断路器容性投切涌流研究[J/OL]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2026.

WangYihan, YuLi, JiaYanchao, et al. Study on capacitive switching inrush currents in vacuum circuit breakers considering their transient physical characteristics[J/OL]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026.
王一涵, 于力, 贾延超, 等. 考虑暂态物理特性的真空断路器容性投切涌流研究[J/OL]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2026. DOI：

WangYihan, YuLi, JiaYanchao, et al. Study on capacitive switching inrush currents in vacuum circuit breakers considering their transient physical characteristics[J/OL]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026. DOI：

摘要

真空断路器作为35kV及以下配电网电容器组投切的核心开关设备，在关合空载电容器组过程中易产生高幅值、高频率的涌流，极易造成电容器组损坏等故障，严重威胁电网的安全。由于理想开关模型未考虑合闸速度、介质恢复强度等实际参数的影响，无法精准刻画真空断路器合闸过程中的暂态特性，本文以40.5kV真空断路器投切并联电容器组为研究场景，依托PSCAD仿真平台，构建融合预击穿特性、介质恢复特性的真空断路器自定义仿真模型。仿真通过设置真空断路器在不同的合闸速度、触头材料、电容器组带残压、背靠背投切及串联电抗器等多组典型合闸工况，进行合闸涌流仿真试验。结果表明：预击穿现象是合闸涌流的主因，优异的触头材料和提升合闸速度可有效降低涌流峰值；电容器组反向残余电荷会显著放大合闸涌流与过电压；背靠背合闸工况涌流峰值可达单组投入的数十倍，是电容器组最严苛的投切场景；5%-7%电抗率区间可作为35kV配电网电容器组投切涌流抑制的优选方案，在多种工况下均能稳定抑制涌流，兼具高可靠性与工程实用性。该研究成果可为真空断路器涌流抑制方案提供贴合实际运行场景的理论依据与数据支撑。

Abstract

Vacuum circuit breakers

as the core switching devices for switching capacitor banks in distribution networks up to 35kV

frequently generate high-amplitude

high-frequency closing inrush currents when energizing unloaded capacitor banks.These currents can easily lead to the burnout of switch contacts and failures of capacitor banks

seriously threatening grid safety.As the ideal switch model fails to consider practical parameters like closing speed

dielectric recovery strength

and contact materials

it can't precisely depict the transient characteristics during vacuum circuit breaker closing operations.This study takes a 40.5kV vacuum circuit breaker switching parallel capacitor banks as the research scenario and uses the PSCAD simulation platform to build a customized simulation model integrating pre-breakdown characteristics

dielectric recovery properties

and high-frequency arc-quenching ability.The simulation carried out closing inrush current tests by setting up vacuum circuit breakers under various typical closing situations

including different closing velocities

contact materials

existence of residual voltage in capacitor banks

back-to-back switching

and series reactors.The findings of the research show that the pre-breakdown phenomenon is the main reason for the closing inrush current.Raising the closing speed speeds up the restoration of dielectric strength in the contact gap

which can effectively decrease both the peak value of the inrush current and the dispersion of three-phase closing times. Reverse residual charges in capacitor banks greatly increase the closing inrush current and overvoltage.Under back-to-back closing circumstances

the peak of the inrush current can reach dozens of times that of a single-capacitor bank

which is the most serious switching situation for capacitor banks.The optimal solution for suppressing closing inrush current in 35kV distribution networks (dominated by the fifth harmonic) is the 5%-7% reactance range.It can offer stable suppression under conventional

residual-voltage

and back-to-back closing conditions

and it also has high reliability and engineering applicability.This research finding offers theoretical foundation and data support customized to actual operational scenarios for optimizing the closing speed of vacuum circuit breakers

designing inrush current suppression schemes

and improving the engineering performance of reactive power compensation devices.

关键词

Keywords

references

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