直流支撑电容器中的电动力危害分析及验证

左强林; 吴锦鹏

doi:10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.01.006

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直流支撑电容器中的电动力危害分析及验证

电力电容器与无功补偿 | 电容器

直流支撑电容器中的电动力危害分析及验证
Analysis and Verification of Electrodynamic Hazards in DC-link Capacitors
无锡赛晶电力电容器有限公司，江苏无锡 214177
嘉善赛晶电容器有限公司，浙江嘉善 314112
2026年47卷第1期页码：42-49
DOI：10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.01.006
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左强林, 吴锦鹏. 直流支撑电容器中的电动力危害分析及验证[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2026,47(1):42-49.

ZUO Qianglin, WU Jinpeng. Analysis and Verification of Electrodynamic Hazards in DC-link Capacitors[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026, 47(1): 42-49.
左强林, 吴锦鹏. 直流支撑电容器中的电动力危害分析及验证[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2026,47(1):42-49. DOI： 10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.01.006.

ZUO Qianglin, WU Jinpeng. Analysis and Verification of Electrodynamic Hazards in DC-link Capacitors[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026, 47(1): 42-49. DOI： 10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.01.006.

摘要

本文根据镜像原理和洛伦兹定律分析了直流支撑电容器中的汇流排在大电流通过时，会同时受到镜像力和相斥力的作用。依据上述原理建立的汇流排镜像力计算模型基本正确，镜像力虽然是一个振荡衰减力，但实际上没有负向力。本文建立的分段式多节点汇流排受力计算模型，将相邻两个汇流点之间的汇流排作为固定梁均布受力模型，成功解决了汇流排的受力计算问题。计算结果与试验结果基本吻合，说明受力计算模型基本正确，可以推广。计算和试验结果表明，增加汇流点的数量和增加汇流排的截面惯性矩，对于减小汇流排的变形，具有决定性意义；汇流排的间距及其与盖子间的距离，对汇流排受到的镜像力和相斥力的比值，具有决定性的影响。汇流排上汇流片的焊接点受到的反力达到数十甚至数百千牛，汇流排的钎焊点难以承受这么大的电动力；电容器的冲击放电试验表明，汇流排受到的电动力很大，对汇流排和汇流片都具有极大的破坏性，甚至把汇流片撕裂，要引起高度重视。

Abstract

In this paper，the mirror principle and Lorentz's law are used to analyze that the busbar in the DC-link capacitor simultaneously experiences both the mirror force and the repulsive force when subjected to high current flow. The calculation model of the bus mirror force，which is set up based on the above principle，is basically correct. Although the mirror force is an oscillating attenuation force，in fact，there is no negative force. The segmented multi-node busbar force calculation model set up in this paper takes the busbars between two adjacent convergence points as the uniform force model of fixed beams，successfully solving the force calculation problem of the busbars. The calculation results are basically consistent with the test results，indicating that the force calculation model is basically correct and can be widely applied. The calculation and test results show that increasing the number of convergence points and the cross-sectional moment of inertia of the busbar are decisive for reducing the deformation of the busbar. The spacing of the busbars and their distance to the cover have a decisive influence on the ratio of the mirror force to the repulsive force acting on the busbars.The reaction force at the welding points of the busbars on the busbars can reach tens or even hundreds of kN，and the brazing points of the busbars are difficult to withstand such a large electromagnetic force. The impulse discharge test of capacitors shows that the busbar is subjected to a substantial electrodynamic force，posing significant destructive risks to both the busbar and the busbar laminations. In extreme cases，the laminations can even be torn a part，necessiting high attention to this issue.

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