真空断路器切容重击穿过电压研究

王一涵; 于力; 贾延超; 王艺骢; 周鸿宇; 王宇福

doi:10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.03.003

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真空断路器切容重击穿过电压研究

电力电容器与无功补偿 | 无功补偿与滤波

真空断路器切容重击穿过电压研究
Study on Restrike Overvoltage of Vacuum Circuit Breakers in Capacitor Bank Switching
沈阳工程学院，沈阳 110136
沈阳华德海泰电器有限公司，沈阳 110141
2026年47卷第3期页码：22-32,43
DOI：10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.03.003
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王一涵, 于力, 贾延超, 等. 真空断路器切容重击穿过电压研究[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2026,47(3):22-32,43.

WANG Yihan, YU Li, JIA Yanchao, et al. Study on Restrike Overvoltage of Vacuum Circuit Breakers in Capacitor Bank Switching[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026, 47(3): 22-32,43.
王一涵, 于力, 贾延超, 等. 真空断路器切容重击穿过电压研究[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2026,47(3):22-32,43. DOI： 10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.03.003.

WANG Yihan, YU Li, JIA Yanchao, et al. Study on Restrike Overvoltage of Vacuum Circuit Breakers in Capacitor Bank Switching[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2026, 47(3): 22-32,43. DOI： 10.14044/j.1674-1757.pcrpc.2026.03.003.

摘要

近年来，在配电网和中压系统中仍然普遍使用真空断路器来进行频繁的投切操作。尤其是在并联电容器组的无功补偿装置中，真空断路器因其优异的开断特性被广泛用于电容器组的分闸操作中。然而，在开断电容器组过程中，真空断路器易发生弧后延时重击穿现象，这不仅会加速电容器绝缘老化、缩短设备寿命，还会产生高幅值重击穿过电压，严重威胁补偿装置及系统的安全运行。真空断路器的重击穿是微秒级的瞬态过程，且电压变化具有高频振荡、陡升陡降的特点，普通的电压互感器难以准确捕捉该过程。因此，本文基于PSCAD仿真软件建立了包含变电站和真空断路器在内的电磁暂态模型，对开断电容器组时可能出现的多种重击穿工况进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明：当断路器发生两相或三相重击穿时，电容器组极间过电压倍数可达系统基准电压的2～4倍；若发生多次连续重击穿，则过电压水平将进一步升高，对设备绝缘和系统安全构成更为严重的威胁。研究结果可为真空断路器在电容器组投切中的选型、保护配合及过电压抑制措施提供理论依据和工程参考。

Abstract

In recent years，vacuum circuit breakers are still widely used in distribution network and medium voltage system for frequent switching operation. Especially in the reactive power compensation device of shunt capacitor bank，vacuum circuit breakers are widely used in the opening operation of capacitor bank due to their excellent interruption characteristics. However，during switching capacitor bank，the vacuum circuti breakers are prone to delayed restrikes after current zero. This not only accelerates the insulation aging of the capacitor and shortens the equipmet's service life，but also generates high-amplitude restrike overvoltages，which seriously thretens the safe operation of the compensation device and the power system. Re-strike of vcuum circuit breaker is a transient process of microsecond，and the voltage variation has the characteristics of high frequency oscillation，steep rise and steep fall，which is difficult to be accurately captured by ordinary voltage transformer. To address this issue，an electromagnetic transient model incorporating substations and vacuum circuit breakers is set up using PSCAD simulation software so to perform simulation analysis of likely occurred multiple re-strike condition in switching capacitor bank. The simulation results show that in case of two-phase or three-phase re-strike in the circuit breaker，the interpole overvoltage factor in capacitor banks can reach 2-4 times the reference voltage of system. In case of multiple consecutive re-strike，the overvoltage levels will escalate further，posing more severe threats to insulation of equipment and safety of system. The research findings offer theoretical support and practical guidance for type selection，protection coordination，and overvoltage mitigation strategies of vacuum circuit breakers in switching capacitor banks.

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references

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